This book revisits the elections in Maguindanao and in other areas traditionally labeled “election hotspots”—Abra, Nueva Ecija and Masbate in Luzon, the Eastern Visayas region, and Lanao del Sur, Basilan, Sulu and Tawi-Tawi in the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao—and assesses if initiatives to curb election-related violence indeed paid off, and why or why not. Published by The VERA Files and The Asia Foundation.